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Immunology 2018
J u l y 0 5 - 0 7 , 2 0 1 8
V i e n n a , A u s t r i a
Page 41
Journal of Clinical Immunology and Allergy
ISSN 2471-304X
1 5 t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n
Immunology
Obesity has been reaching alarming levels in the past ten years. Moreover,
WHO already consider such pandemic event as worthy of concern due to
the expansive costs do human and public health. Among with the malignant
consequences related to a chronic obesogenic condition, insulin resistance
takes place. One of the main manifestations of this clinical condition is due to
a low-grade systemic inflammation, where adipocytes keep being stimulated
to hypertrophy and hyperplasia by lipoprotein lipase action, triggered by the
constant hyperinsulinemic environment. Research shows that structural
changes can generate hypoxia, activating thus the hypoxia-inducible factor
1 (HIF-1) and culminate in the M1 macrophage polarization. Notably, these
leukocytes can produce and secrete tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-1
α), interleukin-12 and interleukin-1β. TNF-α in particular can trigger insulin
receptor (IR) action and self-phosphorylate it in serine residues, instead
tyrosine residues. Since IR belongs to tyrosine-kinase class, an inadequate
phosphorylation can make it inefficient by generating an inappropriate
response. Data suggests that this self-phosphorylation is crucial to the
following intracellular reactions mediated by PDK and PKC, resulting thus in
Glucose Transporter 2 and 4 (GLUT-2 4) releases from its vesicle and active
transportation to cell cytoplasm. Furthermore, the constant stimulation and
phosphorylation in serine residues, promoted by TNF-1 α release by M1
macrophages induced by adipocyte growth and accretion can lead to insulin
resistance among low-grade inflammation.
Cullen M. Taniguchi, Brice Emanuelli and C. Ronald
Kahn. Critical nodes in signalling pathways: insights
into insulin action. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell
Biology, February 2006, Vol. 7, 85-96.
Elise Dalmas, Karine Cle'ment and Miche`le
Guerre-Millo. Defining macrophage
phenotype and function in adipose tissue.
Trends in Immunology, July 2011, Vol. 32,
No. 7, 307-314
Biography
Paulo Mendes is a Nutritionist, graduated from the University
Center of Brasília. He has Specialization in Exercise Physiology
from the University of Brasília and Postgraduated in Functional
Clinical Nutrition from University Cruzeiro do Sul and Positive
Vitality Functional Nutrition Center. He works in clinical, sports,
professional and recreational athletes, functional nutritional
services, as well as teaching classes, lectures and workshops.
Obesogenic environment inflammation-related insulin resistance
Mendes P1, Bitencourt, J B1 and Heibel A B2
1VP Research Institute. Center of Consulting in Education and Nutrition Ltda. University Cruzeiro
do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
2Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
Mendes P et al., Insights Allergy Asthma Bronchitis 2018, Volume: 4
DOI: 10.21767/2471-304X-C1-002