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Immunology 2018
J u l y 0 5 - 0 7 , 2 0 1 8
V i e n n a , A u s t r i a
Page 78
Journal of Clinical Immunology and Allergy
ISSN 2471-304X
1 5
t h
I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n
Immunology
I
n the last decade, a food pattern known as Western diet, heavily
based on ultra-processed foods with high levels of fats and refined
sugar, thus very palatable and easy to adhere, has been presenting an
exponential growth. However, a number of negative effects to those
who adopt said diet have been identified, such as excess of energy,
lack of fibres, phenolic compounds and micronutrients, apart from
the high presence of xenobiotics, compounds that may initiate or
worsen a process of low-grade inflammation. Evidence shows that
this type of diet promotes endotoxin translocation to the bloodstream,
stimulating innate immune cells and leading to a transient postprandial
inflammatory response. Binding of LPS-protein complexes to the
toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activates cellular nuclear factor kappa
B (NF-κB) signalling pathway which in turn leads to production of
diverse proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-1β and TNF).
Moreover, a low fiber diet and the lack of phenolic compounds may
affect the gut microbiota, leading off dysbiosis and a reduction of
probiotic strains capable of converting phenolic compounds, such
as
Lactobacillus plantarum
and L.
brevis
. These strains contain an
enzyme called phenolic acid decarboxylase (e.g. caffeic acid to
4-vinyl catechol), responsible for converting phenolic compounds into
metabolites which, in turn, can activates nuclear factor 2-related factor
2 (NRF2), responsible for the synthesis of phase 2 enzymes who have
the ability to neutralising reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition,
once micronutrients are essential co-factors in the synthesis of
enzymes that play an important role on the conversion of hydrophobic
xenobiotic into hydrophilic xenobiotic (e.g. selenoproteins), a lack of
those essential elements can impair physiologic detoxifying pathways.
Therefore, aiming to reduce the risks that a low-grade inflammation
can present, it is recommended a fiber rich diet, based on whole foods,
with a variety of vegetables, fruits, roots and minimally-processed
foods.
The role of Western diet on low-grade inflammation
Alencar L
1
, Bitencourt J B
2
and Mendes P
2
1
Centro universitário de Brasília-UniCEUB, Brazil
2
Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Centro de Nutrição Funcional Vitalidade Positiva, Brazil
Biography
Lucas Salgado de Alencar has completed his Bachelor`s degree from
Centro Universitário de Brasilía – UniCEUB.
lucasalencarnutri@gmail.comAlencar L et al., Insights Allergy Asthma Bronchitis 2018, Volume: 4
DOI: 10.21767/2471-304X-C1-003