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Chemistry Education 2018 Journal of Organic & Inorganic Chemistry
ISSN: 2472-1123 Page 21
August 27-28, 2018
Zurich, Switzerland
8th Edition of International Conference on
Chemistry Education
and Research
Oil palm is currently the world’s main vegetable oil crop
due to its high productivity and long life span. However,
the yearly harvest was significantly reduced, due to the
basal stem rot (BSR) disease which is caused by a fungus,
Ganoderma boninense. In 2010, the incidence of BSR disease
was estimated to be about 3.7% with estimated affected areas
of around 60,000 hectares. Losses due to Ganoderma disease
is estimated to be about USD 0.5 billion. For the control of
Ganoderma, integrated sanitation, biological and chemical
controls were suggested. In the later, fungicides such as
hexaconazole and dazomet were found effective to eradicate
Ganoderma inoculum within infected stumps, therefore
reducing the spread of Ganoderma. The chemical control can
be further improved via nanotechnology platform through
fungicide nanodelivery system (FUNADS), which is expected
to prolonging the productive life of the infected palm, reducing
the frequency of applying time by controlled release approach
and to reduce the toxicity by enclosed it in biodegradable
and toxic-free materials. In this work, two fungicides;
hexaconazole and dazomet as the guests were encapsulated
into nanomaterials as the hosts (chitosan and layered double
hydroxides) for the formation of various FUNADSs using the
host-guest supramolecular chemistry approach. The chemical
structure of the synthesized nanofungicides was evaluated
using x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy, dynamic
light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), and thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) analyses. The DLS
and high resolution transmission electronmicroscopy (HRTEM)
show the FUNADs can be synthesised using various host and
guest combinations, and can be turned into the nanoparticles
by adjusting the synthesis parameters. In vitro fungicide
release from the FUNADs shows a sustained release manner.
Furthermore, in vitro anti-fungal studies of the FUNADs against
G. boninense shows better inhibition and lower EC50 value
compared to their counterparts, the bare fungicides.
Biography
Mohd Zobir Hussein has completed his PhD in Physical Chemistry at the
University of Reading, UK and Postdoctoral studies fromPennsylvania State
University, USA, University of Southampton, UK, Victoria University of Wel-
lington, New Zealand and University of Western Australia. He has worked
as Professor of Chemistry at University Putra Malaysia (UPM). He has pub-
lishedmore than 300 papers in reputed journals and 6 patents and has been
serving as a research fellow at the Institute of Advanced Technology, UPM.
Agronanochemical for ganodermafungal disease management
Mohd Zobir Hussein1, Sharida Fakurazi 2, Idris Abu Seman3, Nur Hailini Zainol
Hilmi3, Isshadiba Faikah Binti Mustafa1 , Farhatun Najat Maluin1 and Saifullah
Bullo1
1Institute of Advanced Technology UPM, Malaysia
2Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
3Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysia
Mohd Zobir Hussein et al., J Org Inorg Chem 2018, Volume 4
DOI: 10.21767/2472-1123-C5-014