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Chemistry Education 2018
Journal of Organic & Inorganic Chemistry
ISSN: 2472-1123
Page 20
August 27-28, 2018
Zurich, Switzerland
8
th
Edition of International Conference on
Chemistry Education
and Research
C
hemistry textbooks for senior high school commonly
used by chemistry teachers as well as students have been
reviewed on the concepts of quantum numbers and electronic
configurations. A number of six textbooks and thirty teachers
from fifteen senior high schools were taken as samples.
Typically common misconceptions were found on the authors
as well as the teachers. For quantum number
ℓ
=1, the ordering
of
mℓ
: -1, 0, +1 is wrongly associated with alphabetic ordering
of p orbitals:
p
x
, p
y
, p
z
,
within five of the six textbooks; while the
other one mistakenly stated that it is immpossible to know the
relationship beween the two, and thus cartesian-axes labels
are just arbitrarily. In accordance to Hund’s rule, five of the six
books stated that the unpaired electrons are always to be (
m
s
)
of +½ (spin-up, ↑), while the rest stated that it might also be
(ms) of -½ (↓). In writing electronic configurations of elements
for all textbooks it is always governed with aufbau principle
due to increasing (
n+ℓ
) of Madelung. In the case of (3)
d
block,
[Ar] 4s
(1-2)
3
d
(1-10)
electronic configurations were favored in all
textbooks, though four of them stated that [Ar] 3
d
(1-10)
4
s
(1-
2)
were also allowed. Thus, an odd statement appears that
electronic configuration could be written in two ways. Three
textbooks introduced the terms of the last and the
n
th
electron
to be associated with the corresponding quantum numbers,
and this leads to serious further misconceptions. No statement
was found that the ordering of (
n+ℓ
) pattern is actually only
true for the first twenty elements. Similar misconceptions were
also observed for teachers. Only seven teachers stated that the
unpaired electrons can be either (
m
s
) +½ or (
m
s
) -½, however,
all teachers always take (
m
s
) +½ as the correct answer. Nine
teachers stated that the energy of 3d orbitals is lower than that
of 4
s
, but the electronic configurations of transition elements
were written as [Ar] 4
s
(1-2)
3
d
(1-10)
. Thus, eventhough some
teachers seems to have different idea with the textbooks, they
are inconsistent. It might be suggested that the chemistry
textbooksmust be revised to the correct concept by introducing
the solution of Schrödinger equation and the correct order of
energy of orbitals as observed by photoelectron spectroscopy.
Biography
Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto gained his Drs. degree from Yogyakarta State
University (UNY), Indonesia in 1978; while appointed to the academic staff
of UNY (1979), he undertook MSc program in 1984-1987, and then contin-
ued to the PhD program in 1989-1992, both at the Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, the School of Chemistry, UNSW, Australia, under the supervision
of Prof. H A Goodwin. He then undertook a three-six-month Post-Doctoral
research, again with Prof. H A Goodwin, 1995-1997. He has more than 20
international publications dealing with spin-crossover in iron(II) and some
education were published in various international journal Scopus indexed,
while more than 15 articles publised in local-national journals. He also un-
dertook another six-month research in structural study by EXAFS analysis
with Prof. Makoto Kurihara at Shizuoka University and with Prof. Saito A at
Tokyo Gakugei University, 2002-2003. He also undertook a four-month aca-
demic recharging program for doing palladium complex with Prof. Stephen
B Colbran at the School of Chemistry, UNSW, Australia, 2009-2010. He has
also presented in several international conferences in Paris, Rome, UPSI Ma-
laysia, and Bangkok, Thailand.
sugiyarto@uny.ac.idMisconception in chemistry textbooks and teachers as users:
Case study on the concepts of quantum numbers and electronic
configurations
Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto, Heru Pratomo
and
Rr Lis Permana Sari
Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia
Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto et al., J Org Inorg Chem 2018, Volume 4
DOI: 10.21767/2472-1123-C5-014