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Pharmacognosy 2019
March 11-12, 2019
London, UK
American Journal of Ethnomedicine
ISSN: 2348-9502
Page 38
Pharmacognosy and
Medicinal Plants
7
th
Edition of International Conference on
Eleni Anastasopoulou et al., Am J Ethnomed 2019, Volume 6
DOI: 10.21767/2348-9502-C1-009
Comparative chemical analyses of seven endemic Greek
Citrus
hybrids
Eleni Anastasopoulou, Konstantia Graikou
and
Ioanna Chinou
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
I
n the framework of our studies on Greek
Citrus
hybrids,
we report here the chemical analyses of the oils from
cold pressed peels of one grapefruit [
Citrus paradisi
Cv. Star Ruby x
Citrus aurantium
], four oranges [
Citrus
sinensis cv. Newhall x Citrumelo
C. sinensis
Cv. Newhall
x trifoliata,
C. sinensis
Cv. Valencia Porou x citrumelo,
C. sinensis
Cv. Valencia Porou x trifoliata], one pomelo
[
C. grandis
Cv. Cuban shaddock x trifoliata] and one
mandarin [
Citrus reticulata
Cv. Tangelo Minneola x
trifoliata]. All volatiles have been analyzed through GCMS
and forty five constituents were identified: Terpenes
(94%-99%), among which monoterpenes (88-98%) with
limonene as the most abundant (80-95%). It is noteworthy
that the detection of the sesquiterpene nootkatone
(3.76%) in the essential oil of
Citrus paradise
, which is
well known to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, which is the
most expensive and valuable component of all Citrus.
The essential oils of all six among studied
Citrus
leaves
showed a different chemical profile in comparison with
their peels content, as sabinene is considered (0.6%-
78.5%) as the main component, which is in accordance
with literature, while only in mandarin (
Citrus reticulata
)
was absent. Moreover, alkanes are identified in high
percentages in all
Citrus
samples. Furthermore, six
polymethoxyflavones were isolated and structurally
determined by NMR spectroscopy from the peels of
C. sinensis
Cv. Valencia Porou x citrumelo and
Citrus
reticulata
espectively. Their structures were identified as:
3’,4’,5,6,7-pentamethoxyflavone (sinensetin),3’,4’,5,6,7,8-
h e x ame t h o x y f l a v o n e ( n o b i l e t i n ) , 3 ’ , 4 ’ , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 -
hexamethoxyflavone,4’,5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone,
3,5,6,7,8,3’,4’-heptamethoxyflavone(3-methoxy-nobiletin)
and4’,5,6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone
(tangeretin),
together with the fatty acid linoleic acid. All the above
isolated polymethoxyflavones are among appreciated
chemotoxonomic markers in
Citrus
genus showing also
strong bioactivities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
antibacterial, cytotoxic).
Recent Publications
1. Miyazawa M, Okuno Y, Fukuyama M, Nakamura
SandKosakaH(1999)Antimutagenicactivityof
polymethoxyflavonoids from
Citrus aurantium
.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
47(12):5239–5244.
2. Furusawa M, Hashimo T, Noma Y and
Asakawa Y (2005) Highly efficient production
of nootkatone, the grapefruit aroma from
valencene, by biotransformation. Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 53(11):1513–1514.
3. Gosslau A, Chen K Y, Ho C T and Li S (2014)
Anti-Inflammatory effects of characterized
orange peel extracts enriched with bioactive
polymethoxyflavones. Food Science and
Human Wellness 3(1):26–35.
4. Borah N, Gunawardana S, Torres H, Mc
Donnell S and Van Slambrouck S (2017)
5,6,7,3’,4’,5’-Hexamethoxyflavone
inhibits
growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells
via suppression of MAPK and Akt signaling
pathways and arresting cell cycle. International
Journal of Oncology 51(6):1685–1693.