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Infectious Diseases 2018 Journal of Prevention and Infection Control
ISSN: 2471-9668 Page 61
June 07-08, 2018
London, UK
8th Edition of International Conference on
Infectious Diseases
Yersinia enterocolitica is a food-borne enterotoxigenic
microorganism associated with human gastroenteritis and
septicemia especially among children. Pigs constitute a major
source of infection for man. The increase in pig farms and pork
consumption in Southwestern Nigeria necessitated investigation
into the occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in diarrhoeic pigs and
humans in selected farms and hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria.
Seven hundred diarrhoeic samples were collected, 300 from pigs
raised in three selected farms, 120 from children aged 1-7 years
and 280 adults (22-50 years) in medical wards of two selected
hospitals located in the study areas. Yersinia enterocolitica was
isolated from faecal samples and identified biochemically by
standard bacteriological methods. Antisera were raised in rabbits
to serotype the Yersinia enterocolitica isolates into groups A,
B, C and D using slide agglutination technique. The serotypes
were further identified with commercial latex agglutination kit
(CLAK). Susceptibility of Yersinia enterocolitica to antibiotics
was determined by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory
concentrations of some antibiotics were determined for the
resistant isolates. Plasmid transfer of R-determinants to E. coli
356 k12 resistant to 200 µg/mL streptomycin was performed. The
kinetics of phenotypic expression of ampicillin, chloramphenicol,
tetracycline and amoxicillin were determined. Heat-stable
enterotoxin of Yersinia enterocolitica isolates was assayed using
rabbit ileal loop test. Sereny test for invasiveness of isolates was
performed by instilling 2.0x1010 cfu/mL/ animal in to the right
eyes of guinea pigs while 1.0 mL sterile tryptone-soy broth was
instilled into the left eyes as control. Histopathology of the eyes
was carried out. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics
and ANOVA at p<0.05. Ninety Yersinia enterocolitica isolates
comprising 30 from humans: 16 and 14 from the two selected
hospitals and 60 from pigs: 20, 16 and 24 from the three selected
farms were identified. There was significant difference between
the occurrence of human and pig isolates. Slide agglutination
technique yielded serotype occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica
as A(5), B(63), C(8) and D(14), while CLAK gave serotypes A(0:3),
B(0:5), C(0:8) and 2 of the 14D isolateswere serotype 0:9.Yersinia
enterocolitica isolates were identified as biotypes 1A (77), 2(8),
4(5), serotypes 0:3, 0:5, 0:8 and 0:9 while 12(E) were non-typable.
Eleven and 13 antibiotic resistant patterns were observed in
humans and pig isolates, respectively. R-determinants were
transferred to the recipient en bloc. However, few segregations
were observed indicating chromosomal transfer. Ampicillin and
chloramphenicolhadthehighestkineticsofphenotypicexpression
for the transconjugants for human and pig isolates respectively.
The isolates induced accumulation of fluid in ileal loops of
rabbits, corneal oedema and haemorrhagic keratoconjuctivitis in
guinea pigs. Invasive, enterotoxigenic and multi-resistant Yersinia
enterocolitica that harboured transferableR-plasmidwere isolated
in humans and pigs. These organismsmay constitute great public
health hazard, hence proper piggery hygiene and disposal of
waste is advocated to prevent contamination of water and food
of humans. Legislation onmisuse and abuse of antibiotics should
be enforced to prevent drug resistance.
Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in diarrhoeic pigs
and humans in selected farms and Hospitals in Ogun State,
Southwestern Nigeria
Mabekoje Oladele O
Caleb University, Nigeria
J Prev Infect Cntrol 2018, Volume 4
DOI: 10.21767/2471-8084-C1-003