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International Journal of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine
ISSN: 2471-982X
Volume 4
March 26-28, 2018
Vienna, Austria
Pain Management 2018
Internal Medicine 2018
Page 42
JOINT EVENT
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E d i t i o n o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n
Internal Medicine and Patient Care
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E d i t i o n o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n
Pain Management
P
ain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
associated with actual or potential tissue damage or injury, or
described in termsof suchdamageor injury. Physical rehabilitation
emphasizes theuseofmodalitiessuchasheat, cold, andelectricity
to relieve pain. Heat, one of the oldest modalities to relieve pain,
can also decreasemuscle spasmand improve function superficial
heat can be provided by means of hot packs, hot water bottles,
hot moist compresses, electrical heating pads, or chemical or gel
packs. Deepheating (diathermy) is achievedby convertinganother
form of energy to heat. In shortwave diathermy, high-frequency
electrical currents are converted to heat, while microwave
diathermyuseselectromagnetic radiationas thesource. Electricity
has been a pain treatment modality since ancient times. The
most common mechanism for applying therapeutic electricity is
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Interferential
therapy (IFT). Electro galvanic stimulation (EGS), electrical muscle
stimulation (EMS) and neuroaugmentative stimulation are other
rehabilitative methods that employ electrical current. TENS
involves the delivery of electrical energy across the surface of the
skin to stimulate the peripheral nervous system is based on the
gate control theory of pain modulation. TENS is most effective in
neuropathic pain such as complex regional pain syndromes (reflex
sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia), phantom pain, and post
herpetic neuralgia. Empirical and experiential evidence indicates
that TENS, in selected patients, can provide an alternative to
medications and improve the individual’s function. However,
several trials and systematic reviews indicate that a large, perhaps
major, component of pain relief after TENS is due to a placebo
effect.. Ultrasound, first introduced for medical use in the United
States in the late 1940s, uses high-frequency acoustic vibration
that is converted into heat. Deep-heating modalities increase
temperature to depths of 3–5 cm. Ultrasound is the preferred
treatment in most painful disorders, especially those arising from
soft tissues and ligaments, as it has greater penetration and also
nonthermal effects, such as increasing extensibility of tissues.
Conclusion:
Ultrasound has greater penetration effect hence used
widely for pain relief for soft tissue and ligament injuries andTENS
for neurological conditions.
Biography
I amNatarajan Venkatesh (N. VENKATESH) working as Professor in Faculty of
Physiotherapy, in Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai – 600 116, India. I have
been in clinical and teaching Physiotherapy for the past 25 years. I am PhD
scholar. I am working on Influence of Yoga on Autonomic Nervous System.
Honor of Awards received: Distinguish Service Award by the Indian Associ-
ation of Physiotherapists on 23.01.05. ----“Best Teacher Award” (Chosen by
Vice Chancellor, The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGRMedical University on 05.09.2011) ---
Fellowship Award – 51st by The Indian Association of Physiotherapists 2013
(FIAP).
venkateshsru@hotmail.comPhysiotherapy relieves pain an evidence-
based practice
Natarajan Venkatesh
Sri Ramachandra University, India
Natarajan Venkatesh, Int J Anesth Pain Med 2018, Volume 4
DOI: 10.21767/2471-982X-C1-001