advanced-materials-nano-engineering-2018-posters

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Page 77
Volume 4
December 10-12, 2018
Rome, Italy
Nano Research & Applications
ISSN: 2471-9838
Advanced Materials 2018
Nano Engineering 2018
JOINT EVENT
22nd International Conference on
Advanced Materials
and Simulation
&
22 nd Edition of International Conference on
Nano Engineering &
Technology
Water production is a serious issue associated with
hydrocarbon exploration and production. The production of
water was reported to be in the order of 249 million barrels per
day (BPD) globally. The U.S alone produced an average volume of
57.4 million BPD. Approximately, $40 billion is spent annually on
handling the unwanted produced water fromoilfields. Commonly,
inorganicandorganicallycross-linkedgelsareused.Nevertheless,
a risk will be taken, that is blocking the hydrocarbon-producing
zones alongside the water zones. Hence, Emulsified gels are
proposed as a smart method for shutting off unwanted water
produced from the oilfields without risking their productivity. In
this study, emulsified polyacrylamide (PAM) polyethyleneimine
(PEI) system was developed for high-temperature high-salinity
applications. Emulsifier (e.g. surfactant) selection for such jobs
is critical and undoubtedly expensive. In this work, we used the
hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) for surfactant selection.
Diverse surfactants were examined including ethoxylates, poly
(ethylene glycols), fluorinated surfactants, and amides; and new
insights on structure-surfactant stability relationship, beyond the
HLB approach, are provided for surfactant selection. Additionally,
nanomaterials (i.e. Organoclay) was proposed as a substitute for
classical surfactantsused insuchanapplication. Furthermore, the
thermal stability of the emulsified PAM/PEI gels was extensively
investigated. The influence of different parameters, such as
surfactant concentration water-oil ratio, salinity, mixing intensity
and temperature, on the droplet size and the emulsion thermal
stability was studied. A relationship between the emulsified
system droplet size and its thermal stability was developed.
Moreover, the impact of emulsification, salinity and temperature
on gelation kinetics and gel strength are examined through high-
pressure rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
The rheokinetics of the gelling solution is modeled using Avrami
basedmodel. Emulsificationwas found toslowdowncross-linking
rate, and the activation energy for emulsified gels was found to
be ~ 10 times higher than non-emulsified gels. We believe that
this is the first of its kind study on emulsified polymeric systems,
used for water control in oil and gas field conducted under typical
reservoir conditions.
Abdelhalim I.A. Mohamed1, Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein2, Abdullah S. Sultan3,4,
Ghaithan A. Al-Muntasheri5
1Petroleum Engineering Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
2Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
3Petroleum Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; Dhahran
31261, Saudi Arabia
4Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhah-
ran 31261, Saudi Arabia
5EXPEC Advanced Research Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 31311, PO Box 62, Saudi Arabia
Nano Res Appl 2018, Volume 4
DOI: 10.21767/2471-9838-C7-028
Emulsified Polymeric Gels for Oil and Gas
Applications: Emulsion Formulation, Stability
and Rheokinetics Investigation