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Volume 2 Journal of Environmental Research
Page 91
JOINT EVENT
July 26-27, 2018 Rome, Italy
&
6th Edition of International Conference on Water Pollution & Sewage Management
4th International Conference on Pollution Control & Sustainable Environment
Chronic exposure to low environmental concentrations and legal aquaculture doses of antibiotics cause
systemic adverse effects in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and provoke differential human health
risk
Samwel M Limbu1, 2, Li Zhou1, Sheng Xiang Sun1, Mei Ling Zhang1 and Zhen Yu Du1
1East China Normal University, China
2University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Antibiotics used globally to treat human and animal diseases exist ubiquitously in the environment at low doses because of
misuse, overdose and poor absorption after ingestion, coupled with their high-water solubility and degradation resistance.
However, the systemic chronic effects of exposure to low environmental concentrations of antibiotics (LECAs) and legal
aquaculture doses of antibiotics (LADAs) in fish and their human health risk are currently unknown. We investigated the
in vivo chronic effects of exposure to LECAs and LADAs using oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in Nile
tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus) and their human health risk. Twenty O. niloticus weighing 27.73±0.81 g were exposed to water
containing LECAs (OTC at 420 ng/L and SMZ at 260 ng/L) and diets supplemented with LADAs (OTC 80 mg/kg/day and
SMZ 100 mg/kg/day) for twelve weeks. General physiological functions, metabolic activities, intestinal and hepatic health were
systemically evaluated. The possible human health risks of the Nile tilapia fillets in adults and children were assessed by using
risk quotient. After exposure, we observed retarded growth performance accompanied by reduced nutrients digestibility, feed
efficiency, organ indices, and lipid body composition in treated fish. Antibiotics distorted intestinal morphological features
subsequently induced microbiota dysbiosis and suppressed intestinal tight junction proteins. Exposure of fish to LECAs
and LADAs induced oxidative stress, suppressed innate immunity, stimulated inflammatory and detoxification responses,
concomitantly inhibited antioxidant capacity and caused lipid peroxidation in intestine and liver organs. Both LECAs and
LADAs enhanced gluconeogenesis, inhibited lipogenesis and fatty acid beta oxidation in intestine and liver organs. The
exposure of fish to LECAs and LADAs induced anaerobic glycolytic pathway and affected intestinal fat catabolism in intestine
while halted aerobic glycolysis, increased hepatic fat catabolism, and induced DNA damage in liver. The hazard risk quotient
in children for fish treated with OTCD was >1 indicating human health risk. Overall, both LECAs and LADAs impair general
physiological functions, nutritional metabolism, and compromise fish immune system. Consumption of fish fed with legal
OTC provokes health risk in children. Global stringent prohibition policy for use of antibiotics in aquaculture production and
strategies to limit their release into the environment are urgently required to protect human health. .
J Environ Res 2018, Volume: 2