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Plant Genomics 2019
June 13-14, 2019
Berlin, Germany
Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research
ISSN: 2249-7412 Page 19
Plant Genomics
5th Edition of International Conference on
Nutrition effects on synthesis of plant defense proteins and
tolerance to metals
Ildiko Matusikova
University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Slovak Republic
Under stress including metal toxicity plants synthetize
defense components, including enzymes like ß-1,
3-glucanases and chitinase. Since defense is costly
the synthesis of these enzymes depends on nutrients
availability. The situation is more complicated if nutrient
dose itself represents stress ̶ several enzyme isoforms
with peculiar response to either starvation or nitrogen
excess have been identified. A comprehensive study on
the impact of nutrition on defense enzymes under stress
is missing. Therefore, responses of plants exposed to
arsenic, combined with conditions of low, optimal as well
as excessive N concentrations, were studied in more
detail.
Methodology and Theoretical Orientation: Hydroponic
wheat plants were grown in standard Hoagland media
with different amounts of ammonium nitrate at the
final nitrogen concentrations of 0, 0.75 and 5.25 mm N
(suboptimal doses), 7.5 mm (optimum), and 15, 25, 30
and 35 mm N. After a week, As3+ at sub lethal dose was
applied. The profile and activity of individual defense
enzymes (ß-1,3-glucanases and chitinases) as well as
some morpho-physiological parameters were studied.
Findings: Nutrition conditions affect the responses
of wheat plants to arsenic toxicity: Enzyme isoforms
responsive to nitrogen concentration, metalloid, and to
both were identified. Although (supra) optimal nitrogen
concentrations positively activate the defense, the
optimal dose appears not always the same for the
individual parameters. Furthermore, at high doses of
nitrogen the plants accumulated less arsenic in the
shoots; probably due to better ability to prevent the
transport of toxic element to the aerial parts.
Conclusion and Significance: Nutrition availability
affects accumulation and/or activity of defense-related
compounds, and impacts uptake of arsenic by the wheat
plants. Some chitinase and glucanase isoforms are
candidates for screening of plants health in the context of
fertilizer management and / or presence of toxic metals.
Biography
Ildiko Matusikova studies the physiology and biochemistry of,
and gene expression changes in, stressed plants. She focuses
of enzymes of chitinases and ß-1, 3-glucanases in context
of different scientific questions. Recently she extended her
interests in studying the uptake, transport and accumulation
of (toxic) metals in plants using radioanalytical approaches.
She also does research on the molecular biology of Drosera
and studies the role of hydrolytic enzymes in prey digestion by
carnivorous plants.
Ildiko Matusikova, AJPSKY 2019, Volume 09