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Pain Management 2018
Internal Medicine 2018
International Journal of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine
ISSN: 2471-982X
Page 73
March 26-28, 2018
Vienna, Austria
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Pain Management
Volume 4
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0% of parasites produce myocarditis.
Ascaris lumbricoides
(Round worm)
Ancylostoma duodenale
, (Hook worms)
Enterobius vermicularis (Pin worm, Thread worm ) Loa loa
(African eye worm),
Wuchereria bancrofti
(Filarial worm),
Dracunculus medinensis
(Guinea worm),
Trichuris trichiura
(Whip
worm),
Trichinella spiralis
(Trichina worm)
Dirofilaria
(Dog heart
worm),
Taenia solium
(Pig tape worm),
Taenia saginata
(Beef tape
worm),
Diphyllobothrium latum
(Fish tape worm),
Echinococcus
granulosus
(Dogtapeworm),
Hymenolepisnana
(Dwarftapeworm),
Schistosoma haematobium
(Blood fluke),
Fasciola hepatica
(Liver
fluke),
Paragonimus westermani
(Lung fluke),
Protozoan parasites
like
Entamoeba histolytica
,
Trypanosoma cruzi
, Trypanosoma
gambiense,
Toxoplasma gondii
etc. Parasites produce a toxic and
allergic manifestation that leads to myocarditis, cardiomyopathy,
acute heart failure, elevation of myocardial infarction, cardiogenic
shock, neglected tropical diseases such as hidden cause of cardio
vasculardiseaseetc.Butyetparasitesareignoredbycardiologists,
clinicians and scientists. The parasites produce toxic metabolites
and increase hypereosinophilic. These toxic metabolites and
eosinophils will show the following adverse effects on heart.
They damage heart myocytes, neuronal damage, micro vascular
damage and direct cell mediated damage. Hyaline degeneration
of muscle and produce continuous antigenic stimulation. These
metabolites produce tropical pulmonary eosinophilia and tropical
endomyocardial fibrosis. Eosinophils induce tissue damage.
The idiopathic hypereosinophilia syndrome damages the heart
tissue may cause a direct effect on various structures of heart
like myocardium, endocardium, cardiac vasculature and resulting
in congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, tachycardia, cardiac
murmurs,muffledheart sounds.The invadingparasitescanattach
and multiply in the heart. Some parasites produce cardio toxin.
The toxin degenerate DNA and produces myocardial dysfunction
and complete heart block. Conductive tissue of heart is severely
damaged. Because of cytolysis and necrosis protein synthesis is
blocked. The parasites and migratory larvae may attack normal or
prosthetic valves. Obstruction of blood flow occurs. Myocarditis
is most often due to a parasitic infection. Parasitic infections may
cause inflammation of heart muscle (myocarditis) with temporary
or potentially permanent damage to heart muscles cells leading
to a secondary cardiomyopathy occur when the heart muscle
fibers are abnormally stretched when the heart chambers
increase in size and volume. Heart damage is extensive. Immune
system continues to damage heart. Significant impairment of
heart function occurs. Parasites cause myocarditis, paralyze the
nerve supply to myocardium of heart and damage heart bicuspid
and tricuspid valves. As a result, angina, chest, arm, neck, upper
back pain, irregular beats, shortness of breath (SOB) occur.
The parasites will continue to emerge leading to unpredictable
epidemics and challenges for the clinicians and scientists. Hence
there is an urgent need of surveillance and control, advance
diagnostics, tests, vaccines, therapeutics and development of
new drugs are needed. Most drugs in the pipeline have failed in
clinical trials.
reachdrmvrrao@gmail.comCardiac manifestations of parasitic infections
M V Raghavendra Rao, Sireesha Bala A, Sateesh Arja A, Samir Fatteh, Abraham
Ratna Joseph
and
Amin Fatteh
Avalon University School of Medicine, Curacao
Int J Anesth Pain Med 2018, Volume 4
DOI: 10.21767/2471-982X-C1-003