Journal of Clinical Radiology and Case Reports

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Radiochemotherapy

‘The smaller the radiation volume, the higher the total dose and the lower the acute toxicity as well as the late effects on neighboring organs.’

Chemoradiotherapy also called radiochemotherapy or chemoradiation is the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy to treat cancer. While the role of chemotherapy both systemically and locally is anticancer treatment, the purpose of radiotherapy is to provide high-dose, low-volume irradiation and intensity-modulated radiotherapy. But When they are given in combination their objectives become twofold: local cytotoxicity and local radiosensitization of the tumour on one hand and control of microscopic metastatic disease on the other. Chemotherapeutic drugs may be given either neo-adjuvantly (i.e. administering therapeutic agents before the main treatment) simultaneously or in between. This is not the case when using radiosensitization where the chemotherapy must be administered simultaneously to potentiate the sublethal damage induced by radiotherapy and prevent the repair of potentially lethal radiation-induced damage. Depending on the intent of treatment, sensitizing radiochemotherapy may be definitive, neo-adjuvant or postoperatively adjuvant.

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