Reports in Endocrine Disorders: Open Access

Diabetes mellitus disorder

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications.Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death.Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.

Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced.

Prevention and treatment involve maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, a normal body weight, and avoiding use of tobacco. Control of blood pressure is important for people with the disease.

Diabetes can be managed with insulin injections or with medications.Weight loss surgery in those with obesity is sometimes an effective measure.Gestational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby.