International Journal of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine

herapeutic and non-therapeutic interventions

Joint Event on 7^th Edition of International Conference on Internal Medicine and Patient Care & 6^th Edition of International Conference on Pain Management
March 26-28, 2018 Vienna, Austria

Bimal Roy Krishna

Touro Universiy, USA

Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Int J Anesth Pain Med

DOI: 10.21767/2471-982X-C1-003

Abstract

Pain management is an integral part of therapeutics and clinical medicine has evolved immensely over the years and now to a certain extent integrates prescribed and complementary and alternative medicine. The physiology and pathology of pain whether peripheral or central involves nociception and transmission from the injured tissue-skin, muscle or viscera. Pain associated with trauma and terminal diseases requires aggressive control beyond the inhibition of the inflammatory mediators such as the prostaglandins. Afferent fibers, spinal cord sensory cells and chemical mediators play a pivotal role. Pain management which to a great extent is based on patient response and the pain scale is associated with a Step-Up approach relating to the type of pain and underlying pathophysiology. Traditionally Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been the mainstay of treatment. However, failure of NSAID�s to treat pain or more chronic conditions require a Step 1 Up approach which would then introduce the opioids which address central mechanisms and are also used to treat severe pain particularly those associated with terminal illness and myocardial infarcts. The mechanism of action, of opioids are similar however they differ in pharmacokinetic parameters. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has now become a widely accepted approach to pain management either with prescribed medications or as an alternative. That fact remains that the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic and parameters of these agents are not fully elucidated. This presentation addresses the use of both prescribed medications and CAM in pain management.