The use of adjusted immunosuppressants have significantly improved graft and patient survival in the early phase after transplantation, but long-term results are often inadequate due to the development of chronic transplant rejection. In addition, long-term immunosuppression has serious side effects that can seriously affect a patient`s survival and quality of life. Achieving tolerance in the long term without use of immunosuppressants is the ultimate goal of most of the research in the field of solid organ transplantation. Several strategies, including per graft-versus administration of non-hematopoietic immunomodulatory cells can safely and effectively induce resistance in preclinical models of solid organ transplantation. In my next series of posts, I will be focusing on various evidence of use of Mesenchymal stem cells in inducing long term graft tolerance.