Keywords

Sports facilities; Performance of applied units; LMD system; Algeria

Introduction and Problematic

Tertiary education and scientific research have become a transformational operation that is improved by realities of contemporary in several countries across the world. Thus, University education has witnessed a quantitative and a qualitative enhancement in the scientific level. This is basically a result of the close connection with the economical evolution and the social sophistication. Mostly, developing nations and Algeria specifically seek to gain such development. Algeria has decided to make a great step in the higher education at different universities and institutes.

The institutes of science and technology of Physical and sports Activities are amongst the institutes that have been dreamt to improve their tertiary outputs. Nowadays, these institutes give much importance to the students’ motivation by improving their level. Yet there are several problems that most institutes are complaining about. These problems are as follows: Lack of sports facilities and equipment as well as the neglectedness and the bad stewardship that most institutes suffer from. That is exactly what causes a drop in the graduate students’ level; partly, in the new L.M.D system. Although, the concerned authorities have offered a huge amount of budgets aiming at constructing and building special sports facilities, the results remain the same.

This study aims at studying and analyzing how these institutes effect on the level of students of physical and sports facilities.

Sports facilities are considered as the key element of practicing sports activities generally and practicing sports in the institutes of science and technology of physical and sports activities specifically. And this is what such institutes are offering, sport teachers, trainers, monitors, professionals specializing in the field…etc. The act 04/10 dated the 14th of September 2004 which concerned with the physical and sports activities have provided a special chapter. Though, the eleventh chapter was entitled: “The Sports Equipment and Facilities”. Nowadays, sports activities suffer from a sequence of mistakes that may reduce the effectiveness of these facilities inside the institutes of science and technology of physical and sports activities. That is exactly what affects negatively on the students’ training in such institutes. Therefore, it is obligatory to talk about several conditions such as: (Technical conditions, health and security conditions, etc.) [1]. So, it would be better if the facilities situated in these institutes are based on scientific foundations and universal standards; shrugging the randomness off in order to assume achieving a better results.

Regardless of the standards and the basis, there is also something crucial which is quantity. For there must be an availability of the greatest number of the Institutes of Science and techniques of physical and sports activities including facilities and establishments. And that is what makes the managers tracing the planning for all the fields in the entire individual or the collective sports at ease and equally. Talking about the managers in sports facilities, we shall say that such facilities need directors who own competencies to get rid of the randomness in managing. Though, the majority of sports facilities in Algeria suffer from such a problem. All in all, the problematic that popped on our minds is as follows.

Research questions

Are there enough sports facilities in the institutes of physical and sports in order to implement the programs traced under the new system L.M.D?

Hypothesis

The lack of sports facilities in the institutes of science and techniques of physical and sport activities does not allow the programs to be traced under the L.M.D system.

The Aims of the Study

Amongst the objectives that we want to accomplish, there are:

• To get to know about the actual situation at sports facilities of the institutes of science and technology of physical activities and sports as well as identifying the case that it is going through.

• To highlight the affective role played by the institutes of science and techniques of physical and sports activities in the composition of students of physical and sports education under the new system L.M.D.

The Importance of the Topic

The importance of our research is strictly identifying the reality of sports facilities in some institutes of science and technology of physical and sports activities of the east of Algeria, by highlighting the effective role played by facilities in improving the level of the performance in the applied units of the institutes of science and techniques of physical and sports activities in the new system of L.D.M because they are consider as the future of sports in Algeria.

Identifying the Research Vocabulary

Sports facilities

Facility: Facilities which are a workplace or industry that combine machinery and workers.

Sports facilities: Is the key element for the management of sports activities to be developed in accordance with the capabilities available to them [2]. And it is the administration that ensures the achievement of its objectives.

Procedural definition: Sports facilities are public administrative institutions whose task is to conduct and organize sports practice of all kinds and in all fields, whether competitive, recreational, school, etc.

Students of Physical Education and Sports

Education

Language: The word education means “educated”, “is educating” and “educate”. This means “increased” and “grown”. And it also has been said: I educated him and I made him grown [3]. God Almighty said, ''God will strike usury and give charity''.

Education: A convention: is the process through which it can reach the body and spirit to the maximum perfection, through the disclosure of the power inherent in it and work on development and guidance.

Physical education: "It is an integral part of public education aimed at preparing the right citizen in the physical, mental, emotional and social aspects through physical activity to achieve these characteristics" [4].

Procedural definition: An integral part of public education aimed at improving performance through sports activities.

Language

Satisfied, tamed, seductive and athletic, it is the movements of the body gain strength and flexibility [5].

A convention: is a set of physical exercises and physical activities to form the individual physically and mentally.

L.M.D: The new system L.M.D.

System: A system is a set of parts and subsystems, sub-systems that overlap the relationships between them and the system that ensures them, each of which depends on the other in achieving the objectives pursued by the total system (EL Megherbi, Abdelhamid [6]).

Procedural definition: The system is an integrated and overlapping structure in which several interrelated elements are involved in order to manage it in a consistent manner to serve a particular purpose.

L.M.D system: Is a new system listed by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research consists of three words, the first sign the word License, the second is Master and the third is PHD. (The Official Newspaper of the Algerian Republic, number: 48).

The Exploratory Study

The exploratory study is the first step that helps the researcher to provide an overview of the aspects of the field study. The study aims to ascertain the appropriateness of the place of study for research, to verify the validity of the tool used to collect information and to know the time and the required time to conduct it. And search for possible hypotheses.

We have conducted the field study at the level of some of the institutes of science and technology of physical activities and sports in the east of Algeria. The Institute of Science and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities of Constantine was selected by the University of Abdel Hamid Mehri Constantine 2 and the Institute of Science and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities of the State of Mssila Mohammed Boudiaf University and Institute of Science And techniques of physical and sports activities for the state of Umm al-Bouaghi Arbi ben Mihidi University and the Institute of Science and Technology Physical and Sports Activities of the State of Betna University Haj Lakhdar. Therefore, we will examine the field of study in terms of definition, history, legal framework, organizational structure, tasks, material and human resources etc.

Research Areas

Historical field

The course of the study extended from October 2016 to June 2017

Locational field

The study was administered in some institutes of science and technology of physical and sports activities in the east of Algeria. It is as follows:

• The institute of science and technology of physical and sports activities of Constantine.

• The institute of science and technology of physical and sports activities of Mssila.

• The institute of science and technology of physical and sports activities of Oum el Bouaghi.

• The institute of science and technology of physical and sports activities of Betna.

The Research Population

The population of this research consists of a group of teachers and students of the institutes of science and technology of physical and sports activities. And the population is as follows:

• The institute of science and technology of physical and sports activities of Constantine (28 teachers and 83 students).

• The institute of science and technology of physical and sports activities of Mssila (34 teachers and 1851 students).

• The institute of science and technology of physical and sports activities of Oum el Bouaghi (98 teachers and 2580 students).

• The institute of science and technology of physical and sports activities of Betna (30 teachers and 1300 students).

The sample of the research and how do we choose it

Our study includes a group of teachers and students in some institutes of the east of Algeria. Hence, the choice of the sample is as follows:

• A sample of teachers is picked up from the original population with a percentage of (50%) and we have gotten a sample of 95 teachers. There are 14 teachers from the institute of Constantine, 17 teachers from the institute of Oum el Bouaghi, 15 teachers from the institute of Betna and 49 teachers from the institute of Mesila).

• A simple of students is picked with the percentage of (10%) from the original population and we have gotten 656 students. There are 83 students from the institute of Constantine, 185 students from the institute of Oum el Bouaghi, 130 students from the institute of Betna and 258 students from the institute of Messila).

The Research Methodology

In order to complete this study, we decided to use the descriptive approach in the field study to obtain the data from its main sources and to test the validity of the hypothesis for acceptance or rejection [7]. The descriptive approach attempts to reveal the phenomenon studied by relying on a questionnaire form that was designed according to the accepted scientific method.

Socometric Characteristics (Honesty and Consistency) of the Questionnaire

The apparent truthfulness: The examiner’s appreciation

The researcher presented the questionnaire to a group of examiners consisting of (06) relevant professors who are specialists in the field of study. The questionnaire was given to the teachers to confirm whether it was certified or not. Thus, the result was quite positive, though not scientific or statistical. Moreover, it seems to be related to the sample as far as the expressions and the difficulties are concerned (Tables 1-3).

Table 1: Coefficient of the internal consistency of the tools of research of both the teachers and students (Alpha Cronbakh’s measurement).

Table 2: The medium and the mean of the terms of the axis as a whole (sports facilities and the quality of students' composition of science and technology of physical and sports activities).

Table 3: Represents the partial hypothesis test.

Analysis of the questionnaire

It is an important factor that must be valid for the use of any test or questionnaire, and the fixed measure is the same results when measuring the same person for many times under the same circumstances.

• The researcher applied the Alpha Cronbakh stability factor for the purpose of verifying the stability of the study instrument on the scores of the sample members. Although the measurement rules in the value to be obtained are not specified, obtaining (0.60A Alpha) General is acceptable, and the following table shows the results of the stability tool for this study.

• We have obtained the following results.

Source Prepared by the Researcher Based on SPSS Outputs

Table 1 shows that the scale of Alpha Cronbach varies between 0.96 and (1) for the focus of the teachers' questionnaire, ranging from 0.80 to 0.90 concerning the students’ questionnaire [8]. This indicates a strong coefficient of stability, and therefore an internal consistency between the paragraphs of the questionnaire. Thus, we conclude that the questionnaire is characterized by honesty and high stability, which makes it valid as a measuring tool on the research sample [9,10].

Tools of research

The questionnaire was used to collect data for the study.

The form addressed to the teachers: The teachers’ part: Sports facilities in the institutes of science and technology of physical and sports activities.

The form addressed to students: The students’ part: Sports facilities in the institutes of science and technology of physical and sports activities.

The Likert scale was used to construct the questionnaire items: Though, the researcher uses the type of scale that fits his study, and we used in our study this five-point and the degrees are as follows:

• Totally agreed: 5 Degrees

• Agreed: 4 Degrees

• Not really agreed: 3 degrees

• Not agreed: 2 Degrees

• Not agreed at all: 1 Degree.

Statistical Methods Used in the Study

Percentage

It is the number of duplicates 100 X the number of sample and it can be counted as follows:

S » 100%

D » P

Hence, The S is the number of sample; The D is the number of duplicates and the P is the percentage.

The medium

One of the most important measures of central tendency, also called the arithmetic mean, and also its name is the medium, is the sum of the vocabulary of a community or sample divided by the number and symbolized by the symbol "P" OR “X”.

Hence,

Mean: It is the most important measurement of fluctuation which measures the different extended scales from one another [11]. It represents the square root of the divergent where: The square root of the value box represents the subtraction of the arithmetic mean, dividing the number of scales. It is denoted by the symbol “P”.

And it is counted as follows:

The divergence is counted as follows:

Coefficient of Cronbakh Alpha

To confirm the stability of the meter used. Note: Data was processed using Excel in addition to the Arab processor in social statistics APSS.

The Presentation, the Analysis and the Discussion of the Results of the Questionnaire

After conducting the statistical analysis of the questionnaire, we will present, analyze and discuss the various results, based on the SPSS outputs, in calculating the medium and the mean for all the terms of the questionnaire and according to the axes, Though, the important fluctuating measurements are the ones through which we can know the divergence and differing data from the arithmetic mean [12].

Presenting and analyzing the responses of sample members to the teacher’s terms of the axis: Sports facilities and the formation of students of science and technology institutes of physical and sports activities.

Commenting on the table

Through the above table of the axis terms of the questionnaire concerning the teachers, which was entitled "Sports facilities and the quality of the composition of students of science and technology institutes of physical and sports activities” The results were as follows: The medium ranged between (4.82/1.45) with a general mean of (3.91) on the on the five dimension scale of Likert, indicating the acceptable level for the student’s training in the institutes of science and technology of physical activities and sports in sports establishments, the column "Lack of interest in sports facilities negatively affects the composition of students of physical education and sports." With an average of 4.82, it is within a perfectly acceptable area on the five dimension scale of Likert, which is much higher than the general medium of 3.91 and with a mean of (0.41) which means that the lack of interest in the sports establishments affects negatively the student’s training in the institutes of science and technology of physical activities and sports, in the last column, the term "there are adequate facilities and means to ensure the training of students in various sports collective and individual [13-15]." (1.45) which falls within the area of disagreement on the five dimension scale of Likert, with a mean estimated at (0.54). This means that the existing facilities and means do not guarantee the training and formation of students in collective sports and individual. It is also evident from the results shown in the table above that the mean of the second axis columns ranged between (0.54/1.18), which means that there is no significant divergence between the mean of the first axis columns and hence the absence of large dispersion around; this means that there is a coordination between the responses of the individuals surveyed on the second axis [16,17].

Conclusion

In general, it is clear that the quality of the student’s training in the science and technology institutes of physical and sports activities is affected either in a positive or a negative way by the sports facilities in these institutes, from the point of view of the studied teachers (Figure 1). This is confirmed by the total medium of (3.91), An estimated 78.2%, which confirms that the sports facilities in the institutes of science and technology of physical and sports activities affect the quality of university training for students [18-21].

Figure 1: A graph showing the responses of the sample chosen on the axis of the student’s questionnaire on sports facilities and student’s training in science and technology institutes of physical and sports activities.

Discussion of the results while taking into consideration the hypothesis

Under the title: ‘Lack of sports facilities institutes of science and technology of physical activities and sports do not allow the implementation of programs established in the system of LMD.

Throughout the results on columns (08), (09) (10), (11) of the teacher’s second axis and (09), (10), (11) of the student’s axis, we find that these results are overall rate of average of a medium of (4.38) which is located in the (4.21-5) area on the five dimension scale of Likert fully agreeable [22]. This is consistent with the results of the previous study of the researcher Flissi Soufian, which was under the title of ‘the impact of the lack of physical means and sports facilities on the return of the share of physical education and sports in high schools’.

The most important results of the study were:

• The unavailability facilities and playgrounds in the high school to practice a physical education and sports session.

• The available facilities at the high school are not suitable for the exercise of physical education and sports session.

• The administration does not provide the right atmosphere to practice the physical education and sports session.

Throughout the results provided in the tables and the most important results of the previous study, the second hypotheses corresponds to the results obtained and thus we can say that the hypothesis is in a large percentage confirmed.

General Conclusion

Through this study, the following points can be inferred:

• Facilities located in the institutes are not valid for doing practical sessions.

• The lack of facilities and playgrounds to accommodate student groups.

• Institutes do not hold awareness sessions and forums on student accommodation, especially under the LMD system.

What concerns teaching in the institutes of science and technology of physical and sports activities (professors):

• Some teachers suffer from lack of sports facilities and lack of play areas.

• An overwhelming majority of teachers are not satisfied with the sports facilities available in the institutes.

• The timetable of the program is sufficient to achieve all the goals set.

• Most institutes of science and technology of physical activities and sports rely on public sports facilities.

For trainings in the institutes of science and technology of physical and sports activities (students):

• There is a great interest of students in attending practical classes.

• Most students’ find that play areas are not suitable for sports activities.

• Students believe that teaching aids used is not suitable for skills.

• Students see that one lesson per week is not enough to practice and learn all sports activities.

In this modest study, we discussed one of the most important pillars of the higher education system in the institutes of science and technology of physical and sports activities, namely, sports facilities, which are of great importance in improving the composition of the graduates of institutes such as professors, trainers, managers Institutes of science and techniques of physical and sports activities, but suffers from many problems and difficulties.

From this point of view, we discussed the subject of our research “The role of sports facilities in the institutes of science and technology of physical activities and sports in raising the level of performance of the practical sessions under the new system of LMD in Algeria a field study on the level of some Middle Algerian institutes.

In spite of all efforts to construct and build facilities and provide sports equipment by the public authorities in the various institutes as well as work on maintenance and renovation, but the reality proves the existence of a number of difficulties and problems in the management of facilities and control by the managers. Which was imposed by a number of internal and external factors, its contents are in keeping with the developments of the era. The main purpose behind providing sports facilities and equipment’s in the institutes of science and technology of physical and sports activities is to upgrade the level of graduates of institutes and improve their trainings in all aspects, especially under the new system of LMD. This aims mainly to develop and improve the quality of higher education in Algeria and improve the efficiency of its outputs to closely correlate with the needs of the country and the labour market. In addition to from its connection with universities and institutes with the economic and social environment, at the same time the integration of university graduates professionally.

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