Editorial Note

Many people have assessed Object-Oriented Programming, as well as very protuberant software engineers. The unpleasant fact is that OOP flops at the only task it is intend to address. It appearances decent on paper we have clean hierarchies of humans, dogs, animals, etc. However, it reductions flat once the difficulty of the application starts cumulative. In its place of dipping difficulty, it inspires immoral distribution of changeable state and introduces extra complexity with its numerous design patterns. OOP brands common growth practices, like testing and refactoring, unnecessarily hard.

The global state is root of all evil and it is avoided at all costs. OOP challenges to model the whole thing as a hierarchy of objects. Inappropriately, that is not how belongings work in the real world. Substances in the real world interrelate with each other using mails, but they mostly are self-determining of each other. OOP inheritance is not modelled afterward the real world. The parent object in the real world cannot change the behaviour of child objects. Even though we inherit our DNA from our parents, we unable to make changes to our DNA as they please. We do not inherit behaviours from our parents; you develop your own behaviours, we unable to override our parent’s behaviours. Object oriented programming has concepts that are inheritance, encapsulation, method, object, class, polymorphism, abstraction, message passing.

Inheritance: It is an important pillar and the mechanism of java.

Encapsulation: In single unit it is wrapping up the data, it can manipulate the data and code. In a class data concealed from other classes known as data-hiding.

Method: It is a statement collection perform exact task without returning. Access modifier is a type of method that is from where it can be accessed, 4 types of access specifiers, those are public private, protected default.

Object: It is a basic unit represents the real life entities. Java programme via typical can create many objects those are behaviour, identity, state.

Class: It is defined as blueprint of user from object which is created, class declarations include components those are class name, super class, modifiers, interfaces and body.

Polymorphism: It is ability to OOPs language, entities which they are in the same name efficiently it can discriminate.

Abstraction: By virtue it is the property having only important details is display, unimportant details cannot display. For ex. If we driving a car having no idea regarding the inner mechanism of car. In java it is achieved by abstract classes and interfaces. Message passing: Object communicates with one and receiving and transforming information to each other. For object a message is a request for procedure execution it can appeal an object receiving function generate the results in desired manner.

Objects are like animal or plant cells objects are shaped from a class that acts as a “mold” or “blue print” just as cells is created from a genetic “blueprint”, usually in the form of DNA. Both classes and genes describe the qualities and behaviors of the objects they make, and even however these cells or objects might have dissimilar internal “states”, they start off as copies made from the same mold.