Editorial

Nowadays, Pollution is a normal phenomenon. Human activities are the main source of soil contamination. Industrial processing, agrochemicals, and waste management are the main factors. Soil contamination is also caused by waste disposal, chemicals, waste clothing, and glasses. The pollution of soil reduced agricultural land production. The use of various pesticides can reduce the soil's fertility and quality. Toxic chemicals reduce crop productivity over time, which can affect plant growth. People who live, work, or play near polluted lands are more likely to develop skin and respiratory diseases.

Causes and types of Soil Pollution

The main causes of current soil depletion are erosion, lack of organic carbon, increased salt content, compacting, acidification, and chemical contamination. The FAO also differentiates between two forms of soil contamination.

Relevant Pollution: Caused by specific causes, occurring in small areas, and with easily recognizable causes. Land pollution is typically found in towns, abandoned factory sites, along highways, illegal dumps, and sewage treatment plants.

Broad Pollution: Affects a vast area and have a number of causes that are difficult to trace. These types of cases include the spread of toxins by air-ground-water a system, which has an effect on human health and the environment. Industry, mining, military activities, waste including technological waste and waste water management, farming, stock breeding, and the construction of urban and transportation infrastructures are among the most common causes of soil contamination caused by human activity, according to the FAO.

Types of Soil Pollution

Agricultural soil pollution which involves pollution of surface soil and pollution of underground soil. Soil pollution by industrial effluents and solid wastes which involve pollution of surface soil, disturbances in soil profile. Pollution due to urban activities involve pollution of surface soil, pollution of underground soil.

Health effect: Contaminated or contaminated soil has a significant effect on human health due to direct contact with the soil or inhalation of vaporized soil pollutants. The health effects of soil pollution differ significantly depending on the pollutant, attack pathway, and susceptibility of the exposed population. Chronic exposure to chromium, lead and other metals, petroleum, solvents, and many pesticide and herbicide formulations can be carcinogenic, and may cause congenital disorders, or can cause other chronic health conditions. Natural-occurring substances such as nitrate and ammonia associated with livestock manure from agricultural operations have also been identified as health hazards in soil and groundwater by industrial or manmade concentrations. Mercury and cyclodienes have been related to an increased risk of kidney damage and some irreversible diseases. Liver toxicity has been linked to PCBs and cyclodienes. For the above mentioned and other substances, there is a wide variety of additional health effects such as headache, nausea, fatigue, eye irritation, and skin rash. At appropriate dosages a large number of soil pollutants can kill people if they are exposed to them by direct touch, inhalation, or ingestion of contaminants in polluted groundwater.

Soil Pollution can be controlled by

The soil is an important component of the natural world. While air and water pollution have received a lot of attention over the years, soil pollution is as important as air and water pollution control. Since soil is home to a diverse range of organisms and plays a greater role in the distribution of plant species, it can affect air and water quality also. Soil depletion is a complex issue that necessitates concerted efforts from governments, organizations, societies, and individuals. Some of the things we can do to improve health are: Consume organic foods, properly recycle batteries, and dispose of pharmaceutical items in specified areas. Encourage a more environmentally sustainable model for manufacturing, agriculture, and stock breeding, among other economic activities. Proper solid waste disposal, enhancing mine waste management. Organic farming and proper agricultural land management are two of the most important elements of organic farming.