Description

There is a well-recognized fact that obesity is a causative factor to many life-threatening diseases. In general, lifestyle, family history, inactivity, medications etc. Are known contributors however, irrespective of contributors losing weight has been a challenging issue i.e. cost, motivation, compliance effectiveness has been impractical for many suffering from obesity leads to diabetes, ischemic heart disease, depression, arthritis , all-cause mortality, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, gallbladder disease, obstructive sleep apnea, asthma, pancreatic and reproductive organs related cancers.

Our current research was conducted over 12-16 weeks and included 38 patients. A review of their medical history revealed poor heating habits, depression, diabetes, hypertension and inactivity to least a few. The method consisted of training patients to self-inject subcutaneously over abdominal surface on lateral flanks alternatively every 3 days, under supervision until they were effectively injecting vitamin band pyridoxine hydrochloride each and on subsequent visit they would to other flank on a similar area. Once trained the patients were seen on a weekly basis. Even though there are no published reports on autopsies or lung tissue samples of patients with SARS-CoV-2, there some imaging reports that are recently released. Based on imaging studies and what we know of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, patients with the most severe disease will likely show diffuse alveolar damage with hyaline membrane formation, inflammation in the alveolar walls, desquamation of pneumocytes, and, if the case is complicated by a secondary bacterial pneumonia, intra-alveolar inflammatory infiltrate by neutrophils. Any other specific features, such as multinucleated cells or potential viral inclusions, remain to be discovered through pathologic studies of patients with this new virus. A pre-treatment lab assessment was done and at the conclusion of treatment, however they were weighed at each visit. Additional measures included calorie-wise diet and light aerobic exercises 20-30 minutes 3 times per week.

Agents Based Models

As result of critical review of currently accepted Agents Based Models (ABMs) for influenza spreading in cities new ABM has been proposed It can be used not only for analyzing results of past epidemic but for analyzing (under some conditions) ongoing epidemic/pandemic and optimization effectiveness of different possible intervention. These possibilities of new ABM have been demonstrated at a test case of epidemic in a city for practical application of new ABM the results obtained must be confirmed at the real epidemic and pandemic.

The incidence of new cases are rising daily in Africa and South America, and Europe has taken over as the epicenter of the disease and more cases are now being reported every day than in China at the height of its epidemic. Countries are racing to slow the spread of the disease by testing and treating patients, carrying out contact tracing, limiting travel, quarantining citizens, and canceling large gatherings such as sporting events, concerts, and schools. The pandemic is moving like a wave-one that may yet crash on those least able to cope. Moreover, the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming unstoppable and has already reached the necessary epidemiological criteria for it to be declared a pandemic, having infected more than 292,142 people in 187 countries.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Coronaviruses are enveloped non-segmented positive-sense RNA viruses belonging to the family coronaviridae and the order nidovirales and broadly distributed in humans and other mammals. It causes illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). A Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans.

Often surveillance centers in different country use for watching a different number of age groups. In such a case we have to create the same age groups in the city under consideration. Note that it would be more radical and more helpful to save age for any case of infection in a surveillance center. Such a format of keeping information would allow creating any number of age groups and this fact can be used for their optimization. If so, one can construct contact network for the source city and with the help of new proposed ABM to evaluate probability values to get infected during a contact between susceptible and infectious persons for different age groups knowing these probabilities one can simulate future outbreak dynamics in the city under consideration. Many possible interventions can be checked before outbreak and the best of them can be proposed for subsequent realization before and during the future outbreak.

Agents-Based Models (ABMs) become more and more popular in applied mathematics During last 15 years a large number of ABMs have been created and used in different scientific area (ecology, economy, epidemiology, human behavior to name a few), but in this paper, only ABMs for influenza epidemic/pandemic dynamics in cities are considered in detail Based on a critical review of currently accepted ABMs of such special type new ABM has been proposed unlike the old ABMs, it can be used for analysis of efficiency and cost of all interventions. Moreover, under some conditions, new ABM gives us an opportunity to analyze efficiency and cost of different interventions for future oncoming epidemics (first of all pandemics) and to select its optimal combination.

However, the standard data providing a city's surveillance center ascertain only the number of infected people during a day (or week) and do not contain information about where infections took place or who infected whom Since it is impossible to get information about something from nothing one does not able to evaluate such model's parameters with the help of the standard patterns. The only parameters of a model that can be identified from these patterns are the probabilities to get infected anywhere during a contact with an infectious person from any age group These probabilities are different for different age groups and we will use them in the new proposed ABM.