Description

Making the transition to zero-carbon emissions creates jobs, stimulates the growth of new sectors, and advances technical innovation, all of which foster significant economic potential. The objective of this research is to examine the relationships between natural resource rent, carbon neutrality, public-private energy investment, and environmental technologies in China between 1984 and 2021. We utilize the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique to ascertain the enduring and transient associations among those variables. The robustness check is performed using the Kernel-based Regularized Least Squares (KRLS) machine learning technique. Our results show a correlation between higher carbon emissions and natural resources rent, but a decline in public-private energy investment and environmental technologies. Furthermore, the success rate of public-private energy investment in promoting net-zero emissions is increased by the moderating in luence of environmental technology and natural resource rent. The study's conclusions urge policymakers to reevaluate their top objectives in order to manage the problems of urbanization and economic expansion while maximizing the bene its of investments and advances in environmental protection. Public-private investments, o ten known as PPPs, are a useful tactic for pursuing the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of increasing energy efficiency to provide affordable and clean energy in the face of ongoing challenges to reach SDG targets. The concepts of sustainability are essential to the PPINV paradigm. The collaborative strategy is important for achieving the SDGs, but there is some inconsistency around it.

Current frameworks

This is partially because there are many obstacles and hurdles in the current frameworks that make it difficult to fully analyze the strategy's impact beyond the conventional "value for money" paradigm. For nations to achieve their targets of carbon neutrality and sustainable growth, significant progress in green projects is needed. Sustainable energy programs require collaboration with the business sector and local communities due to the limited resources available to the government. PPINVs are used all around the world to encourage sustainable development and increase energy efficiency. The PPINV approach is essential for addressing energy productivity and environmental innovation in addition to raising capital for renewable energy projects. PPINVs make it possible to increase energy efficiency while lowering costs, expanding capacity, and reforming markets. These actions all support sustainable development and are essential policy responses to environmental degradation and climate change. China's 2030 carbon reduction goal and increased non-fossil energy consumption are supported by strategic initiatives like the plans, which demonstrate alignment with environmentally conscious and responsible resource management. The money obtained from the extraction of natural resources like gas, minerals, oil, and lumber is referred to as natural resource rent, or NRR. These resources' extraction and usage have a significant impact on the environment, causing pollution from various sources as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Crucially, burning fossil fuels to produce energy is a major catalyst for CO2 emissions, which fuels the mechanisms causing climate change.

Extractive industries

High natural resource rent is linked to extractive industries like mining and the exploitation of fossil fuels, which produce significant volumes of greenhouse gases and have a negative impact on the environment. Natural resource-dependent nations may also struggle with a lack of investment in energy-efficient technologies. China possesses abundant land resources and significant stakes in several mineral endowments. Because to the superior geological characteristics, by 2018 iron ore reserves had exceeded 85 billion tons. In addition, the nation possesses the largest rare earth resource in the world, which is attracting more attention from international businesses due to its many applications, such as LED displays and batteries. Starting in 2009, the government imposed strict export regulations on rare earths due to worries about over-exploitation, which led to a significant decrease in the commodity's supply from over 50,000 tons to approximately 30,000 tons. From nearly 53,000 tons in 2018 to roughly 35,000 tons in 2020, shipments of rare earths have now decreased. While closely examining the complex relationship between PPINV trends and the abundance of NRR in China, this study aims to offer important insights for promoting sustainable development goals. Expanding upon the above ideas, a large number of researches have already looked into how PPINV affects China's ecological sustainability. The results of this research have varied, depending on the econometric techniques employed, the variables chosen, and the time periods examined.