Alarico Ariani*
Department of Medical Sciences Rheumatologist, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Parma,Unit of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Italy
Received Date: July 02, 2021; Accepted Date: October 09, 2021; Published Date: October19, 2021
Citation: Arian A (2021) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Lung Vol: 2 No:4
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The most often first symptom of COPD is a chronic cough, which may or may not be productive of mucus. Sometimes limited airflow may develop in the absence of a cough.Acardinal symptomof COPD is the chronic and progressiveshortness of breathwhich is most characteristic of the condition. An accompanying productive cough is only seen in up to 30% of cases.These symptoms are present for a prolonged period of timeand typically worsen over time.It is unclear whether differenttypesof COPD exist. While previously divided into emphysema and chronic bronchitis, emphysema is only a description of lung changes rather than a disease itself, and chronic bronchitis is simply a descriptor of symptoms that may or may not occur with COPD
The primary risk factor for COPD globally istobacco smoking.Of those who smoke, about 20% will get COPD,and of those who are lifelong smokers, about half will get COPD.In the United States and United Kingdom, of those with COPD, 80–95% are either current or previous smokers.The likelihood of developing COPD increases with thetotal smoke exposure.Additionally, women are more susceptible to the harmful effects of smoke than men.In non-smokers, exposure tosecond-hand smokeis the cause in up to 20% of cases.Other types of smoke, such as,marijuana, cigar, and water-pipe smoke, also confer a risk. Water-pipe smoke appears to be as harmful as smoking cigarettes. Problems from marijuana smoke may only be with heavy use. Women who smoke duringpregnancymay increase the risk of COPD in their child.[9]For the same amount of cigarette smoking, women have a higher risk of COPD than men.