Editorial

Sulfated polysaccharides, which are widely employed in the food business due to their rheological qualities as gelling and thickening agents are abundant in marine macroalgae. The biological activity of agarans and carrageenans include antioxidant, gastro- protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, anticoagulant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, and anti- thrombogenic properties. Gelidium crinale, red algae in the Geliaceae Gelidium family, is an edible and industrial alga in China. Acid extraction and two-step column chromatography are used to successfully remove a sulfated polysaccharide (GNP) from Gelidium crinale.

Chemical analysis revealed that the molecular weight of GNP was 25.8 kDa, and the monosaccharide composition had the highest galactose content. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT- IR) spectrometry and barium chloride-gelatin methods confirmed the presence and content (16.5 percent) of sulphate. Furthermore, the effect of GNP on LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages was investigated. GNP displayed relatively good scavenging abilities on 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, hydroxyl radical, and 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, as well as Fe2+ chelating ability in a dose-dependent manner, according to the research findings. Seaweeds are a natural source that not only contains a variety of vital elements, but also meets therapeutic, pharmacological, and nutritional demands. They are classified into three groups: brown algae (Phaeophyceae), green algae (Chlorophyceae), and red algae (Rhodophyceae). Gelidium species, or red algae, have traditionally been utilised in the phycocolloid business to produce agar–agar. It is widely utilised in a variety of countries. Gelidium amansii (GA) is a type of widely distributed edible red algae that is gathered in Asian nations such as China, Korea, Japan, Thailand, and Singapore. Sulfated polysaccharides are a type of glycan that is very essential. These polysaccharides have a high bioactivity due to their sulphate functional groups, which can interact with a wide range of positively charged biological macromolecules.

Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds (red algae and brown algae) have received increasing attention in recent years. Furthermore, algae's sulfated polysaccharides contain anti- inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pharmacological properties. Furthermore, inflammation is a vital biological process that protects the human body from a variety of potentially harmful stimuli, such as infection, damage, and discomfort. Inflammation is characterised by leukocyte migration from blood to tissues and proliferation in the tissues, which is related to a variety of adhesion events between resident leukocytes and vascular endothelia. Choric inflammation, as well as persistent inflammation, can be hazardous and cause a variety of disorders, including neurological diseases, fever, atherosclerosis, and even cancer.

The monosaccharide content of GNP was determined using PMP (1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone) pre-column derivatization in conjunction with HPLC. Acid extraction is a popular approach for extracting polysaccharides because it has a high sulphate concentration and promotes biological activity. The acid extraction of GNP was followed by a 0.1 M HCl treatment. The total yield of GNP from the acid extraction procedure was approximately 3.2 percent on the basis of lyophilized dry weight. The contaminants were then eliminated, and the total sugar content was calculated, and it was increased to 75.78%. GNP clearly matches the properties of the Gelidium amansii polysaccharide. Furthermore, GNP has a reasonably high sulfuric acid group concentration. Numerous research have demonstrated that the higher the sulphate level, the greater the biological activity of polysaccharides.