Prevalence and Correlates of Hypertension & Diabetes among ≥ 18 Years Urban Population in India

Background: With epidemiological, demographic, lifestyle and nutrition transition, non-communicable diseases are increasing in India. The present study was carried out to assess prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors and correlates of hypertension and diabetes among urban population. Materials & Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in urban India, using multistage stratified random sampling Information on household’s socio-demographic particulars such as age, sex, education, occupation, income, etc was collected. Anthropometrics measurements such as height (cm), weight (kg), waist and hip circumference (cm), along with measurements of blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile was carried out. Association was tested by using chi-square and logistic regression analysis was done. Results: The study showed that the prevalence of abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hyper triglyceridemia was 39%, 22%, 11.5% and 26% respectively among the urban population and was significantly higher among men as compared to women, although overweight/obesity was higher among women (48% Vs 29%). The prevalence was higher among high and middle income groups. The risk of hypertension and diabetes was significantly higher among men, middle aged & elderly (>59 years) and among overweight/obese. The risk of diabetes was significantly (p<0.01) lower among high and middle income groups as compared to slum dwellers. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity was higher among high & middle income as compared to other socioeconomic groups. The risk of hypertension and diabetes was observed to be significantly associated with age, gender & overweight/obesity and also socioeconomic status. The information, education and communication (IEC) activities needs to be strengthened for control of these diseases.

Author(s): Meshram II, Vishnu Vardhana Rao M, Sudershan Rao V, Laxmaiah A and Polasa K

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