Phytoconstituent Analysis and Comparative Bioefficacy Assessment of Breadfruit Leaf and Fruit Extracts for Antipathogenic Potentiality

Present study reveals the comparative bioefficacy assessment of leaf and fruit extracts of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) using different solvents (petroleum ether, methanol and ethyl acetate) against various pathogenic organisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis by disc diffusion assay through determination of MIC (minimal inhibitory concentrations). Steroids, phenols, phytosterols, gums & resins and terpenoids were found in the ethyl acetate and methanolic leaf extracts. Flavonoids were present in the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate leaf extracts whereas tannins were detected only in the methanolic leaf extract of Artocarpus altilis. Methanolic and ethyl acetate fruit extracts exhibits the presence of steroids, phenols and flavonoids. Zone of inhibition for Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were noted maximum with 50 μl of leaf extracts in ethyl acetate and methanol, 20 μl of petroleum ether leaf extract, 25 μl of petroleum ether leaf extract and 50μl of methanolic leaf extract respectively. The above observation for fruit extracts varies. The MIC values ranges from 0.3 mg/ml to 0.6 mg/ml which correspond to variations in different solvent media used for leaf extracts against four different pathogenic microbes. Maximum growth inhibition of Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis was noticed with 25 μl of methanolic fruit extracts with a MIC value of 0.45 and 0.3 mg/ml respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed maximum zone of inhibition by 25 μl of ethyl acetate fruit extract with a MIC value of 0.45 mg/ml for both.

Author(s): Monalisa Mohanty and Chinmay Pradhan

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