Orthognathic Procedures and its Effect on Obstructive Sleep Apnea - A Systemic Review

Orthognathic procedures are routinely performed for the correction of congenital and acquired deformities of the dentofacial skeleton. The surgical procedures affect both the facial appearance as well as the posterior airway space (PAS). According to several studies, mandibular setback surgery is known to reduce airway size. Patients who are undergoing orthognathic surgery should be screened for excessive daytime somnolence, snoring, increased body mass index and medical conditions related to obstructive sleep apnea. Conversely, advancement of the maxilla and mandible causes widening of the airway in both the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions. This is supported by the evidence showing high success rates when orthognathic surgery, especially maxillomandibular advancement, is utilised to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The purpose of this article is to provide information to dentists that will enable them to identify patients who may have OSA and to assist these patients in making informed decisions regarding treatment options. In patients who have identifiable anatomic abnormalities of the maxilla and mandible resulting in a narrow pharyngeal airway, orthognathic surgery appears to be an excellent treatment option.

Author(s): Veena G.C, Anubhav Jannu, Vivek G.K, Sudarshan and Jayagowri M

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