Olfactory Nerve Injuries: A Short Literature Review

The main purpose of this short review literature, is to elaborate some of the common causes of olfactory nerve injuries. As the nanoparticles stimulate the olfactory mucosa, an electrochemical initiation will start. The message as an afferent stimulus, passes through the ethmoid bone cribriform plate for delivering such memorandum toward the central nervous system. Thus, the sense of smell will be detected and translated to a pleasant and or nonpleasant memory narration. Skull injures such as a coup - counter coup in a blunt trauma, central nervous system`s infections such viral infection (COVID-19), bacterial meningitis, tumors and surgical manipulations such as nasal operations, may be considered as some common cause of olfactory nerve damages. Restoration of olfactory nerve after the damages due to the aforementioned causes, depends on the source and the grade of the damage. Some tough injuries may even result complete and/or permanent loss of smell (anosmia). Some complete losses may gradually regenerate from anosmia to hyposmia and in follow leading to complete recovery of normal smell functioning.

Author(s): Hashem Shemshadi  

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