Multi-Layered Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Printed in Three Dimensions

Tissue engineering has resulted in innovative therapies for the restoration of injured tissues and organs, which make use of biomimetic scaffolds that, mimic the mechanical and biological qualities of host tissue. The development of threedimensional printing (3DP) technologies has enabled the fabrication of highly complex scaffolds that provide a more accurate replication of native tissue properties and architecture than was previously possible. Multi-layered scaffolds that target distinct regions of complex tissues are of particular interest to tissue engineers. Multiple interacting tissue types are found in musculoskeletal and dental tissues, such as the osteochondral unit and periodontal complex, and hence benefit from multi-layered scaffold creation. For the fabrication of scaffolds with gradient architectures and mixed material compositions, traditional 3DP technologies such as extrusion printing and selective laser sintering have been employed. Emerging bio printing technologies have also been utilised to print cells and chemical components directly and spatially, reflecting the body's complex complexity. Researchers built scaffolds made of a variety of materials, including natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and ceramics, to better simulate the varied and gradated properties of bigger tissues.

Author(s): Meghan Kumar

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