The continuing global increase in kidney disease presents a substantial healthcare burden, and is associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, as well as human immunodeficiency virus and malaria[#1]. Hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease requires continued vascular access, the preferred type being arteriovenous fistulae (AVF), which confers both a longer-term patency than arteriovenous grafts and catheters and fewer complications once established [#2]. However, AVF are affected by high incidences of non-maturation or primary failure, leading to care delays, increased catheter reliance and consequent complications, and increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure [#3].
Journal of Nephrology and Transplantation received 5 citations as per Google Scholar report