Frequency Distribution and Risk Factors Analysis of Diabetes in Local Population of Mardan, Pakistan

Diabetes is one of the non-communicable diseases posing great threat to the developing countries including Pakistan. This study aimed at finding the frequency distribution of diabetes along with associated risk factors in Mardan Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted in Mardan Medical Complex (MMC), during face-to-face interviews, through questionnaires about risk factors including positive family history, hypertension, literacy rate, income status, smoking, physical activity, age, gender and body weight to find their association with diabetes. A total 450 subjects including 230 diabetics as experimental subjects and 220 non-diabetics as control subjects were recruited in this study. Frequency of Diabetes Mellitus determined in present study was 51.1% with average fasting blood glucose level of diabetic subjects as 10.05 mmol/l (181 mg/dl). Chi square results (considering p<0.05 significant) showed that age (χ²=66.189), physical inactivity (χ²=37.474), hypertension (χ²=38.014), literacy rate (χ²=8.37), positive family history (χ²=72.2) were found associated with diabetes. While gender (χ²=1.730; P>0.05), smoking (χ²=0.006; P>0.05), obesity (χ²=1.39; P>0.05), income status (χ²=1.314; p>0.05) showed no association. Prevalence of DM was significantly higher in subjects with hypertension (50.4%), no literacy (39.1%) and in subjects with low education level (36.5%), in age groups under 51-60 years (33%) and >60 years (30.4%), in physical inactive subjects (47.8%) and in those having positive family history of diabetes (60.9%). The result of this study will help to raise awareness about risk factors of diabetes and thereby help to reduce the incidence of diabetes and its complications.

Author(s): Sahib Gul Afridi, Ayehsa Mehmood, Mahnoor, Ibrar Ullah, Sapna Quraish, Hira Ikram and Sulaiman Shams

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