Clinical, Laboratory, Radiologic feature, and Treatment Outcome of Pituitary Adenoma in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Background: Pituitary adenomas are prevalent intracranial malignancy accounting for 6%-10% of all symptomatic intracranial tumors and reach 22.5% in autopsy studies. Pituitary adenomas can present with varied clinical manifestations that include symptoms of excessive hormone secretion, signs of hormone shortage and those related to pressure effects. Despite the common occurrences of pituitary adenomas, there is no adequate data in Ethiopia.

Objectives: This study aims to provide information on clinical, laboratory, radiologic features, and management outcomes of patients with Pituitary adenoma from 2010 to 2018 in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among pituitary adenoma patients on follow up at endocrinology and Neurosurgery referral clinics, presented between June 2010 to June 2018. Two hundred thirty-six (236) patients with a diagnosis of pituitary adenoma were included and their chart was reviewed based on a structured questionnaire. Data entered into SPSS VERSION 22 for analysis and descriptive statistics was done. Categorical data were analyzed by the chi-squared test and continuous data were analyzed using the t-test.

Results: Out of Two hundred thirty-six (236) patients with pituitary adenoma, seventy-five percent (75%) were functional pituitary adenoma while the rest twenty-five percent (25%) was a non-functional pituitary adenoma. Among the functional adenoma, eighty-nine point three percent (89.3%) were unihormonal while the rest ten point seven percent (10.7%) were pluri-hormonal adenomas. Prolactinoma was the commonest Pituitary Adenoma subtype accounted for

58.8% followed by growth hormone-secreting adenoma which accounted for 27.2% of functional adenoma. Among patients who had control laboratory tests, serum prolactin levels normalized in about 54.4% of Prolactinoma patients treated dopamine agonists.

Conclusion: of all pituitary adenoma Cases seventy-five percent (75%) were functional pituitary adenoma while the rest twenty-five percent (25%) was a non-functional pituitary adenoma. Among the functional adenoma, prolactinoma was the commonest pituitary adenoma subtype followed by growth hormone-secreting Adenoma.

Author(s): Abnet Wondimu

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