Bio efficiency of Cinnamomum verum loaded niosomes and its microbicidal and mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

The emergence of mosquito vector borne diseases is considered as a perpetual quandary ecumenically in tropical countries. Outbreak of several diseases such as chikungunya, zika viral infection and dengue pyrexia has engendered a massive threat towards living population. Frequent utilization of synthetic insecticides like DDT ineluctably had its adverse deleterious effects on humans as well on the environment. Since there are no perennial vaccines, obviation, treatment or drugs available for these pathogenic vectors, WHO is more concerned in eradicating their breeding sites efficaciously without any side effects on humans and environment by approaching plant derived natural eco-cordial bio-insecticides. The aim of this study is to investigate the larvicidal potential Cinnamomum verum essential oil (CEO) loaded niosomes were yare utilizing trans-membrane pH gradient method utilizing cholesterol and surfactant variants of Span 20, 60 and 80 and treated against II to IV instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. The synthesized CEO loaded niosomes were characterized by zeta potential, particle size, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), GC-MS and SEM analysis to evaluate charge, size, functional properties, composition of secondary metabolites and morphology. The Z-average size of the composed niosomes was 1870.84 nm and had good stability with zeta potential -85.3 meV. The entrapment efficiency of the CEO loaded niosomes was tenacious by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry. Evaluation of synthesized niosomes against gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans) at sundry concentrations were assessed for its bio-potency. The larvicidal activity was evaluated at sundry concentrations for 24 h and LC50 and LC 90 values were calculated. The results exhibited that CEO loaded niosomes has more preponderant efficiency against mosquito larvicidal property and withal the results suggest that niosomes could be utilized in sundry applications of biotechnology and drug distribution systems with more preponderant stability by altering the drug of interest.

Author(s): Asaithambi Kalaiselvi

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