Anti-Aging Component Klotho Slows the Progression of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration through the Toll-Like Receptor 4-NF-B Pathway

human body. It is commonly assumed that the intervertebral disc begins to degenerate after the age of 20; however it has recently been proven that the degeneration began at the age of 15. The nucleus’ water content steadily decreases. In addition, the flexibility and load resistance of the intervertebral disc decrease. Recent research has discovered a number of inflammatory variables that are involved in the IDD process and are strongly connected to the onset and progression of IDD. The intervertebral disc is made up of a nucleus pulposus in the centre, an outer fibrous annulus, and endplates at the upper and lower ends. Its primary role is to preserve the proper spine structure and to bear the spine’s physiologic stress. The NP tissue includes a high quantity of water and proteoglycan, which is required for the intervertebral disc’s physiological function and stress. NP cells play a critical function in starting tissue formation during embryogenesis of intervertebral disc cells and may be directly responsible for the creation of the nucleus pulposus. In certain species, such as humans, NP cells may eventually be lost and replaced with chondrocyte-like cells, resulting in a disc that is entirely comprised of fibres. As a result, age is one of the risk factors for intervertebral disc degeneration. Klotho is a brand-new anti-aging gene. In animals, Klotho deficiency can result in a variety of senescence-like traits. Overexpression of Klotho, on the other hand, extends the longevity of Klotho mice. Klotho is a protein found in the kidneys that aids in mineral metabolism and kidney protection. It is also found in the heart, brain, and parathyroid gland. The Klotho gene encodes a single transmembrane protein that is secreted and regulates numerous cellular processes by influencing several cell membrane receptors and transporters as well as associated signalling pathways like as ageing, inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and so on. Polymorphisms in the human Klotho gene have been linked to pathologic bone loss in ageing, spinal illness, osteocalcin levels, and bone mineral density. Furthermore, Klotho protein expression in the intervertebral disc has been observed. Its chemical mechanism of particular activity in the intervertebral disc, however, remains unknown.

Author(s): Erica Melena

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