A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Kidney Transplantation and Donation among Family Members of Renal Patients in Selected Hospitals at Bijapur with a View to Develop an Information Booklet

Abstract A descriptive and correlative study was conducted in 2012 on assessing the knowledge, attitude and perception on kidney transplantation and donation at Bijapur district in Karnataka India. 60 family members of renal patient’s age group of 18-59 who knows the Kannada language and willing to participate in the study. 25 structured knowledge questionnaires were used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception by a purposive and convenient sampling method, assuming family members of renal patient who visit to district hospital, Bijapur kidney foundation, Vatsalya hospital having adequate knowledge, attitude, and perception on kidney transplantation and donation. The Major Findings of the Study are the majority of the respondents 26(43.3%) were in the age group of 30-39 years, 36 (60%) were males, 32(53.33%) were unmarried, 20(33.33%) had completed up to high school education, 28(46.67%) have business, 17(28.33%) have earning Rupees 5001-8000 per month and also same percent 17(28.33%) have earning the Rupees 8001-12000 per month, majority of 36(60%) belongs to joint family, 22(36.67%) having previous knowledge about kidney transplantation and from TV and radio source, 25(41.67%) are live in the rural area, 21(35%) are the new cases. The majority of the respondents 48(80%) had the moderately adequate knowledge about the kidney transplantation & donation and 33(55%) of the respondents had the inadequate attitude about the kidney transplantation & donation. Keywords: Kidney transplantation; Renal patients; Renal replacement therapy Objectives: 1. To assess the level of knowledge, attitude and perception about kidney transplantation and donation among family members of renal patients. 2. To develop an information booklet regarding kidney transplantation and donation for family members of renal patients. 3. To determine the association between the levels of knowledge with selected socio-demographic variables regarding kidney transplantation and donation Introduction : Adequate functioning of kidneys is essential to the maintenance of a healthy body, if there is complete kidney failure and treatment is not given, death is inevitable [1]. It is estimated that 25-40% of patients are likely to develop chronic kidney disease, with a significant percentage requiring renal replacement therapy. Renal transplantation is now widely considered the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to improved short- and long-term survival benefits over dialysis treatment [2]. The incidence of ESRD or stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) varies widely by state and country. In the US the incidence is 338 new cases per million population. The successful kidney transplantations were undertaken in 1954 in Boston and Paris thereafter at the end of 2003 a total of 441.051 people were being treated for ESRD approximately 28% have a functioning transplant, 66 received haemodialysis and 5.7% are undergoing form peritoneal dialysis. Since medication to prevent rejection is so effective, donors need not be genetically similar to their recipient. Most donated kidneys come from deceased donors; however the utilization of living donors in the United States is on the rise. In 2006, 47% of donated kidneys were from living donors. The study recommended that public motivation will increase the live donors. The kidney is the easiest organ to transplant: tissue typing is simple, the organ is relatively easy to remove and implant, and live donors could be used without difficulty. The health care system in our country is not designed to provide the required level of chronic kidney disease care at the primary or secondary level [3]. The people have misconceptions about the organ donation process which makes them less likely to be donors. There is a tremendous lack of knowledge about organ donation, negative attitude and perception due to lack of information while the majority of people are interested in organ donation, they lack a means to express this interest. This in turn increases the mortality rate of patients with end stage renal failures & renal replacement is a treatment of choice when there is an ESRD Methodology :The Research approach adopted for study was descriptive research and found to be consistent with the purpose of the study. The research design selected for the study was a Non experimental, descriptive design. The area of study is Bijapur Kidney Foundation Hospital, Vaatsalya Hospital and District Hospital in Bijapur, Karnataka. The family members of renal failure patients who are visiting Bijapur Kidney Foundation Hospital were analysed. The population of the present study comprises 60 family members. In this study, the sample consists of 60 family members of renal failure patients were selected by using purposive and convenient sampling method. The Inclusive criteria’s are age group of 18-59 years, able to understand Kannada. Structure knowledge questionnaires were developed to assess the knowledge, attitude & perception regarding kidney transplantation and donation. The tool and Information Booklet were found to be reliable (r=0.87), feasible and practicable. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Informational booklets on renal failure based on review of literature were distributed to family members of renal failure patients Assumption: Family members of the patients suffering with renal diseases who visit Bijapur Kidney Foundation, District Hospital and Vaatsalya Hospital may have inadequate knowledge regarding benefits of kidney transplantation, donation and disadvantages of dialysis. And they may have psycho-social barriers about kidney donation Results: The Major findings of the Study are the majority of the respondents 26(43.3%) were in the age group of 30-39 years, 36 (60%) were males, 32(53.33%) were unmarried, 20(33.33%) had completed high school education, 28(46.67%) have business, 17(28.33%) have earning Rupees 5001-8000 per month and also same percent have earnings of Rupees 8001- 12000 per month, majority of 36(60%) belongs to joint family, 22(36.67%) having previous knowledge about kidney transplantation known from TV, radio sources 25(41.67%) are live in the rural area, 21(35%) are the new cases. Majority of the respondents 48(80%) had moderately adequate knowledge about the kidney transplantation and donation. Majority of the respondents 33(55%) had adequate attitude about the kidney transplantation and donation. Majority of the respondents 33(55%) had inadequate perception about the kidney transplantation and donation. The association between knowledge score and demographic variables were computed by using Chi square test. It was found that there is a significant association between knowledge, attitude and perception level with the selected demographic data. Discussion: In the present study the age wise distribution of family members of renal patients out of 60 families are 12(20%) of them are 18-29 years age group, 26 (43.3%) of them are between 30 - 39 years of age, 14 (23.3%) of them are between 40-49 years and 8 (13.4%) of them are between 50-59 years. Family members of renal patients that is 36 (60%) of the family members of renal patient were male and 24 (40%) of them were females. In this study12 (20%) of family members of renal patients were illiterate, 18(30%) of family members of renal patients were primary educated, 20(33.3%) had high school education and 10 (16.67%) were with PUC education. The family members of renal patients 12(20%) were coolie, 28(46.67%) were business, 12(20%) were Govt. employee, 8(13.33%) were unemployed / housewife. Family members of renal patient 16(26.67%) were earning rupees up to 5000 per month, 17(28.33%) family members of renal patients were earning between rupees 5001-8000, 17(28.33%) family members of renal patients were earning between rupees 8001- 12000 and 10(16.67%) were earning above 12000 rupees. The family members of renal patient that is 22(36.67%) have received the source of information from TV or radio, 8(13.33%) have received from friends/ relatives, 10(16.67%) have received from newspaper/magazines whereas 20(33.33%) have received the information from health personnel. Renal disease patient shows the family history that is 16(26.67%) are in mother’s family, 16(26.67%) are from fathers family, 21(35%) are new cases and 7(11.67%) are both A and B. Among the 60 family members 8.3% had adequate knowledge of kidney transplantation and donation. Among the family members of renal patients, 80% family members had moderately adequate knowledge of kidney transplantation and donation. Among the family members of renal patients, 11.7% had inadequate knowledge. The maximum statements, maximum score and range of knowledge score among family members of renal patients are 25, 25 and 9-19 respectively. The mean score, standard deviation and mean percentage of knowledge are 14.9, 2.40 and 59.6 respectively. Among the 60 family members 30% had inadequate level of attitude, 15% had moderately adequate and 55% had adequate level of attitude of kidney transplantation and donation among family members of renal patients. The maximum statements, maximum score and range of attitude score among family members of renal patients are 7, 7, and 1-6 respectively. The mean score, standard deviation and mean percentage of knowledge are 4.16, 1.25 and 59.5 respectively. Among the 60 family members 55% had inadequate level of perception, 28.3% had moderately adequate attitude and 16.7% had adequate level of knowledge of kidney transplantation and donation among family members of renal patients. The maximum statements, maximum score and range of attitude score among family attenders of renal patients are 8, 8, and 2-7 respectively. The mean score, standard deviation andmean percentage of knowledge are 4.05, 1.88 and 50.62 respectively. The correlation between the knowledge and attitude strategies was p<0 .25 which indicates statistically significant, correlation between knowledge and perception strategies was p<0 .14 which indicates statistically significant. Conclusion: Among the 60 family members 55% had inadequate level of perception, 28.3% had moderately adequate attitude and 16.7% had adequate level of knowledge of kidney transplantation and donation among family members of renal patients. The maximum statements, maximum score and range of attitude score among family attenders of renal patients are 8, 8, and 2-7 respectively. The mean score, standard deviation and mean percentage of knowledge are 4.05, 1.88 and 50.62 respectively. The correlation between the knowledge and attitude strategies was p<0 .25 which indicates statistically significant, correlation between knowledge and perception strategies was p< 0.14 which indicates statistically significant. Recommends to conduct research over similar topics in regional, state, India and Asia.

Author(s): Biradar BM

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