A comparative Study of In vitro Susceptibility of Madurella mycetomatis to Anogeissus leiocarpous Leaves, Roots and Stem Barks Extracts

Objective: Anogeissus leiocarpus leaves, roots and stem bark are broadly utilized as a part of African traditional medicine against numerous pathogenic microorganisms for treating skin diseases and infections. Mycetoma disease is a fungal and/ or bacterial skin infection, mainly caused by filamentous Madurella mycetomatis fungus. The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the antifungal activity of A. leiocarpus leaves, roots and stem bark against the isolated mycetoma pathogen, M. mycetomatis fungus.
Methods: The alcoholic crude extracts, and their petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of A. leiocarpus leaves, roots and stem bark were prepared and their antifungal activity against the isolated M. mycetomatis fungus were assayed according to the NCCLS antifungal modified method and MTT assay compared to the Ketoconazole, standard antifungal drug. The most bioactive fractions were subjected to chemical analysis using LC-MS/MS chromatographic analytical method.
Results: The results demonstrated the potent antifungal activity of A. leiocarpus extracts against the isolated pathogenic M. mycetomatis compared to the negative and positive controls. The chloroform fractions showed higher antifungal activity among the other extracts, while the bark chloroform fraction was found to be the highest one. The chromatographic analysis of the chloroform fractions showed the presence of important bioactive compounds such as ellagic and flavellagic acids derivatives, known for their antifungal activity and toxicity to the filamentous fungi, steilbenoid compounds known as phytoalexins secondary metabolites with potent antifungal activities and the antimicrobial agents, flavonoids
Conclusion: These studies present that the A. leiocarpus extracts posse’s potent antifungal activity against mycetoma causing pathogen compared to the ketoconazole standard drug and the highest activity was found to be in the stem bark of the plant.

Author(s): Ikram Mohamed Eltayeb, Abdel Khalig Muddathir, Hiba Abdel Rahman Ali and Saad Mohamed Hussein Ayoub

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